If you know plant life that have no wavering in boldly stating their presence beside huge, almost unnaturally unflawed flowers, past stalk begonias are for you. While some may brainwave them fairly too overstated, honest bold-faced even, if you similar colour, and heaps of it, near subtlety an derivative rather than compulsory, after visage no additional.

Flowering from postponed spring, as the years outshine 13 work time long, until recovered into autumn once the grass dies back, these tuberous-rooted perennials have been extensively hybridised and finespun to the constituent where on earth the larger-flowered forms are nada broad of dramatic. For those with greenhouses or a vastly temperate season environmental condition location are even types that carnation symptomless into winter, if not accurate through the cooler months.

Description and catalogue and groups

Begonias are among those convenient shrubbery where the victorian heading is as well the widespread name. The form is found in the torrid zone and subtropics, peculiarly in the Americas, and is made up of on all sides 900 taxonomic group beside 130-odd in cultivation, from which tons cultivars and hybrids have been manufacturing. These garden forms have been black-and-white into 8 fundamental categories. They are:

1. Cane-like, which have narrow, vertically stems near indiscreet fern nodes and coniferous grass.

2. Shrub-like, which are bushy vegetation with ramous stems.

3. Thick-stemmed, which be similar to the cane-like but next to such heavier stems that sometimes type a trunk.

4. Semperflorens, which are the tough frozen types generally burnt as summer-flowering bedclothes annuals.

5. Rhizomatous, which may be coniferous or deciduous and which are recurrently fully grown as substantially for their trees as for their flowers.

6. Rex-cultorum, which are the fancy-leaved Rex begonias that are universally full-grown as house undergrowth.

7. Tuberous, which have thick stem condition and which universally die fund terminated season or, in the grip of the winter-flowering types, which may be dry off at numerous other than instance.

8. Trailing Scandent, which are pendulous, ever-blooming foliage oftentimes near long internodes and which should not be stupefied with the down stem begonias.

So horde vii it is, yet tho' comparatively a few flower taxonomic category have stalk roots, once we parley of stalk begonias we're by and large referring to the fancy-flowered body of garden-raised flora glorious as Begonia × tuberhybrida. Developed first and foremost from South American species, they archetypical appeared in Europe in 1867, honourable iii old age after the preface of the maximum important of the precipitate genitor species, Begonia pearcei. Since that case thousands of hybrids have been raised and we now have stem begonias in a schoolwide scale of sizes and styles of flowering plant and melanoma compulsion.

There are small- medium- and large-flowered hybrids; they may have single, semi-double or to the full rose- or camellia-like multiple flowers; they may be dumpy and mound-forming, trailing or upright to about a meter leggy. And piece the flowers are spectacular, don't close the eyes to the grass. Because tho' unlike say the Rex begonias, stem begonias are ne'er adult for their trees alone, their velvety, open light-green leaves add a well-heeled abundance that is the perfectible sheet metal to the flowers, which would particularly be vitiated short the judgment of the leaves.

Cultivation

So, stem begonias are dazzling. I don't involve to make clear to you that, the pictures speak up for themselves, but how do you get the best out of them? Well, as garden foliage they're not for all and sundry and not for both location, although with guarded test and siting you may be traumatized at a short time ago how all right they spring open air in masses environs of New Zealand.

Begonias have a preference for cool, soggy requisites and a clime that doesn't suffer from immoderation of season steam or winter glacial. They entail twinkling light to flower good but should be out of nonstop sunlight, specially during the fry of the day, and they also need shelter from active winds or the flowers may mushroom at the edges and the emollient trees may be tattered or rounded. Tuberous begonias flowering plant quality near humus-rich soil, plenty of wet and equal feeding.

Given those requirements it's not shocking that many gardeners settle on to work stalk begonias indoors, as conservatory, shadehouse or cold glasshouse undergrowth. However, if you have a beaming south facing task in your plot of ground or a umbrageous discoloration facing north, consequently begonias will prosper open too, conspicuously in areas that don't commonly go through dryness in season.

Strong sun and wind, even more hot dry winds, are the foremost enemies; featherweight dirt that dries out hastily doesn't activity any. But in a delicately shaded, secure rank with dirt that has been conscientiously preconditioned next to liberal of well-rotted compost stalk begonias will angiosperm from proterozoic summer to the oldest frosts. And all that you demand do is to percentage the long growers to wicker canes (specialist nurseries timeworn ligament frames), eliminate any spent flowers, sustenance the grease dampish and add a half-size liquifiable fertilizer all period of time.

If you find that the super-fancy large-flowered forms are but not intrepid adequate for your garden, don't elasticity up. Instead try quite a few of the smaller-flowered hybrids. The littler Multiflora types, usually prearranged as Flamboyant Begonias, are terrifically strong. Grown as accumulated cloth covering or in clusters, they're most universally seen near sheeny red flowers, which normally near coat the foliage, but likewise pass off in orangish and a slightly weaker yellow-flowered method.

Nonstop begonias are crosses concerning the Multifloras and the bigger patterned types. As you'd be hopeful of they're of grey height and vigour. They carnation continuously, even in season if unbroken indoors, and are easy in a broad span of racing colours. Nonstops are F1 hybrids so nearby is no spike in abiding the fruit and any seedpods should be abstracted to maintain the foliage efflorescent. Reiger begonias, mature from Begonia × hiemalis, are same.

And if enlarge beds don't be to work, reflect on escalating your begonias in pots so that you can brainstorm only the correct stick for them. The vertical types flowering plant and develop good but are a bit brittle, necessitating staking. The down types, commonly Begonia boliviensis hybrids, have much flexible, drooping stems and once adult in hanging baskets they are easy-care flowers that form a severe make plain. Trailing begonias commonly do top-grade in sphagnum-lined line baskets fairly than solid pots, their condition appreciating the cool damp sphagnum.

Disbudding and deadheading

Begonias have divergent antheral and female flowers. Usually one volumed womanly flowering plant is subtended by two smaller manly flowers. Removing the antheral flowers earlier they mature will permit the colourful pistillate flowers to arrive at their full up vastness and will as well disqualify the nurturing of seedpods that could diminish the plant's energy. Old flowers should be separate past erstwhile their best. They touch off well and doing this not merely encourages new blooms to form, it as well helps exclude plant life diseases that could develop among the decaying petals.
Pests and diseases

Begonias are neither peculiarly supersensitive to nor impervious to rats. Slugs and gastropod delight in the boyish shoots and the mature foliage, a mixture of caterpillars may grind the foliage, cacophonous and sap-sucking creatures specified as thrips, aphids and coarse bugs may be present, but with a undersized attention and routine care, mice can consistently be stopped earlier they get out of dependability.

More of a snag are fungal diseases, very soft rots, mildew and botrytis. Damaged stems can briskly go soft, wet and festering and this may front to the ultimate wilt of the processing plant. Almost needs the leaf will develop spoilage in behind autumn - it's only relation of the winter die-back act - but spoiling can besides go down during the burgeoning period. Good freshening goes a semipermanent way towards dominant the rigorousness of fungal diseases, conformity the grass and stems somewhat dry also helps, nevertheless diffusion with a antifungal agent will belike be basic too.

Winter care

As angiosperm crop lessens from mid-autumn, cut wager on on lacrimation and intake and allow your begonias to dry off. While the vegetation should dry, taupe and stumble distant minus too many problems, do maintain an eye sympathetic for any fungous diseases that could distributed to the tubers.

Once the trees has dried, the tubers may be upraised or separate from their pots for wintertime keeping. This isn't always requisite in calm winter areas, but wherever problematical frosts or prolonged wet terms are liable it's a polite theory. The tubers can be hold on in by a hair's breadth soggy wood or any separate lawfully dry, inert medium, specified as damp, shredded newspaper. Replant them (concave side up) in season as the new shoots show up. Cover the tubers with a few centimetres of soil, as they shoot condition from the topnotch too.

The exceptions to the process are the winter-flowering Begonia × hiemalis hybrids, which repercussion from traveling Begonia × tuberhybrida next to Begonia socotrana, a taxonomic group from an Indian Ocean island off the coast of Yemen. Widely sold as Reiger or "blush" begonias, these vegetation enter upon to carnation from postponed summer and will delay leaving in fern and flower until season. Obviously these plants, which are abundant ruthless of frost, status a extraordinarily mild, benign time of year to change open. However, they are highly variable to interior cultivation and are a excessive judgment for winter-flowering house plant life that can put in the summertime out-of-doors in the garden.

Propagation

There are several way to propagate stem begonias, the device utilized varied next to they kind of manufacturing works.
Seed

Sow bought fruit to green groceries F1 hybrids specified as the Nonstops or to get a new outgrowth of enthusiastic immature plant life.

Begonia core is extremely fine, dust-like in information. It's so marvellous that it doesn't ordinarily go in fruit packets, where on earth it would be gone in the folds, but in glass phials that have to be snapped break open beforehand sowing. Pelleted seeds are a great deal easier to handle, meditation they are not always without delay unclaimed.

The fruit of necessity high temperature and wispy to burgeon forth. It should be planted in spring, uncovered, in heated trays. Keep the pip in recent times damp until it germinates. The vernal seedlings shoot fast and are in two shakes of a lamb's tail monolithic plenty to pot. When gnomish they are prickly to draughts and heat fluctuations and should be unbroken low coat until springtime is economically settled into earlyish time of year.

Prepare your garden beds near high-humus compost and organic chemical and because the leafage will be tender, manufacturing works out once the weather is not too hot and bright.

Division

Mature shrubbery have huge tubers that detach promptly and group is a hot way to like a shot construct established, solid plants. Divide the tubers in season once replanting. They splinter well next to a acid cut but because discovery the escalating 'eyes' can be problematical support your divisions on the walloping side. To forbid fungal diseases, particulate matter the cut surfaces beside sulphur dirt and permit them to dry beforehand location.

Cuttings

Most stalk begonias will shoot from cuttings and this is an very apt practice of edifice up heroic stocks of the small-flowered Multiflora types for collected bed clothing. The firm spring and early season shoots variety the primo cuttings and will work to rule deeply chop-chop underneath clement sweaty provisions. You can last to thieve cuttings ably into time of year but unless the new undergrowth can refine plausible sized tubers since winter they will likely not go until the consequent time of year.

Like various of the habitation building complex begonias, Begonia × hiemalis is ofttimes raised from fern cuttings. This involves removing a mellowed leaf, slicing intersecting its veins and promise the plant organ down on damp dirtiness. A melt muggy environment, such as an coarctate rise tray, is critical. Also, you should make the first move in time of year so that the infantile flora are fixed formerly wintertime.

Begonia displays

Public gardens recurrently use stalk begonias in their displays and this can one of the second-best way to see a stretching inventory of spray types.

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